Financial Terms Glossary
Definitions of common financial terms used throughout Tickerdata documentation.
A
Ask Price
The lowest price a seller is willing to accept for a security. Also known as the “offer price.”
Asset
Any resource with economic value owned by an individual, corporation, or country.
B
Beta
A measure of a stock’s volatility relative to the overall market. A beta of 1.0 indicates the stock moves with the market.
Bid Price
The highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a security.
C
Close Price
The final price at which a security trades during a regular trading session.
Current Ratio
A liquidity ratio measuring a company’s ability to pay short-term obligations. Calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities.
D
Dividend
A distribution of a company’s earnings to shareholders, usually paid quarterly.
Dividend Yield
Annual dividend per share divided by the stock price, expressed as a percentage.
E
EBITDA
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization. A measure of a company’s operating performance.
EPS (Earnings Per Share)
A company’s profit divided by the number of outstanding shares. A key metric for valuation.
F
Free Cash Flow
Cash generated by a company after accounting for capital expenditures. Indicates financial flexibility.
52-Week High/Low
The highest and lowest prices at which a stock has traded during the past 52 weeks.
M
Market Capitalization (Market Cap)
The total market value of a company’s outstanding shares. Calculated as share price × shares outstanding.
Moving Average
The average price of a security over a specified time period, recalculated as new data becomes available.
O
Open Price
The price at which a security first trades when the exchange opens.
P
P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings)
Stock price divided by earnings per share. A valuation metric comparing price to profitability.
P/B Ratio (Price-to-Book)
Stock price divided by book value per share. Compares market value to accounting value.
P/S Ratio (Price-to-Sales)
Market capitalization divided by total revenue. Useful for valuing companies without earnings.
R
Revenue
The total income generated by a company from its business operations.
ROE (Return on Equity)
Net income divided by shareholders’ equity. Measures how efficiently a company uses equity to generate profits.
V
Volume
The number of shares traded during a given period. High volume often indicates strong interest in a stock.
Volatility
A statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a security. Higher volatility means greater risk.
Y
Yield
The income return on an investment, usually expressed as an annual percentage.
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